Risk reduction assessment of waterborne Salmonella and Vibrio by a chlorine contact disinfectant point-of-use device. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Aug 2012.
Angela D. Coulliette ∗, Kyle S. Enger, Mark H. Weir, Joan B. Rose. Michigan State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
Unsafe drinking water continues to burden developing countries despite improvements in clean water delivery and sanitation, in response to Millennium Development Goal 7. Salmonella serotype Typhi and Vibrio cholerae bacteria can contaminate drinking water, causing waterborne typhoid fever and cholera, respectively. Household water treatment (HWT) systems are widely promoted to consumers in developing countries but it is difficult to establish their benefits to the population for specific disease reduction.
When one infected individual was contributing to the water contamination through fecal material leaking into the water source, the risk of disease associated with drinking untreated water was high according to a Monte Carlo analysis. If water was treated, risk greatly decreased for typhoid fever and a median of 3.5 for cholera. Insights on risk management policies and strategies for public health workers were gained using a simple QMRA scenario informed by laboratory assessment of HWT.
